The growing reliance on subsea pipelines in offshore oil and gas operations has increased the need for effective and durable protection systems against external mechanical actions. Conventional concrete coatings reinforced with steel cages often suffer from limitations related to durability, crack control, corrosion susceptibility, and constructability. This study investigates the potential of polypropylene (PP) fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) as an alternative protective coating for subsea pipelines. Three types of pipe specimens, including bare steel pipes (SP), plain concrete-coated pipes (PCP), and FRC-coated pipes (FCP), were fabricated and experimentally evaluated under lateral loading. Load–displacement responses were recorded, while full-field displacement and strain distributions were measured using Digital Image Correlation (DIC). A finite element (FE) model was developed and validated against the experimental results. The results indicate that FRC-coated pipes exhibited approximately 147% higher load-bearing capacity than bare steel pipes and 20% higher capacity than PCP specimens. In addition, FCP specimens demonstrated a more gradual post-peak response, reflecting enhanced ductility and reduced brittleness. The total energy absorption capacity increased by approximately 162% compared with SP specimens and 65% compared with PCP specimens. Complementary material characterization tests, including compressive, indirect tensile, and flexural strength tests, confirmed that the incorporation of polypropylene fibers improved the mechanical properties of concrete, particularly its tensile and flexural performance. Furthermore, fiber-reinforced specimens exhibited superior post-cracking behavior, highlighting the effectiveness of fibers in crack bridging and toughness enhancement. The findings demonstrate that polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete coatings can provide an effective alternative to conventional steel-reinforced concrete coatings, offering enhanced energy absorption capacity, durability, and constructability, with potential benefits for impact-resistant subsea pipeline protection.