Strengthening the RC Frames Using an Innovative Steel Damper with Shear Mechanism

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 1- Department of Civil Engineering, Darreh Shahr branch, Islamic Azad University, Darreh Shahr, Iran.

2 Distinguished Professor, Department Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology

Abstract

< p align="center"> 
< p >Passive energy dampers have been identified as efficient and economical tools to improve the seismic behavior of structures against seismic loads. Among all types of passive energy dampers, steel dampers are more popular because of their ease of construction, availability, affordability, economical aspect. In addition, these types of dampers have performed well in the laboratory and numerical studies, as well as in past earthquakes. Although these types of dampers are more economical than other dampers, they are not economical to use in conventional structures compared to other conventional lateral load systems. Therefore, in this paper, an innovative damper with shear mechanism is introduced which is easy to construct and operate and is economical to use. This proposed damper is easily replaceable after severe earthquakes. Numerical results show that the proposed damper improves the seismic behavior of the RC frame. It is usually not easy to increase the stiffness and ductility of the structure at the same time, but numerical results show that the proposed dampers increase the stiffness and ductility of structures. It also causes energy dissipation to the structure by increasing the damping in the nonlinear area. In this paper, the necessary equations for calculating the ultimate stiffness and strength of the system as well as its design are proposed.

Keywords

Main Subjects


[1] Rahimi A, Maheri  M. (2020). The effects of steel X-brace retrofitting of RC frames on the seismic performance of frames and their element, Engineering Structures, 206: 110-149.
[2] Du K, Cheng F, Bai J, Jin S. (2020). Seismic performance quantification of buckling-restrained braced RC frame structures under near-fault ground motions, Engineering Structures, 21115: 110-147.
[3] Vahedi S, Javadi P, Hosseini M. (2020). Seismic Evaluation of a Nonductile Soft-First-Story RC Building Retrofitted with Steel-Braced Frames, Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 33 (6)-1-20.
[4] Safaei S. Naderpour H. Gerami M. (2019). Reliability assessment of RC frames rehabilitated by eccentrically braces having vertical shear link. SN Appl. Sci. 2, 466. ttps://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2288-0
[5] Oh S, Kim, Y.J. Ryu, H.S. (2009), Seismic performance of steel structures with slit dampers”, Int. J. Engineering Structures., 31, 1997-2008.
[6] Kasai K, Popov, E.P. (1986). General Behavior of Wf Steel Shear Link Beams. Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE, 112(2): p. 362-382.
[7] Roeder C.W. Popov, E.P. (1987). Eccentrically Braced Steel Frames for Earthquakes. Journal of the Structural Division-ASCE, 104(3): p. 391-412.
[8] Roeder C.W. Popov, E.P. (1977). Inelastic Behavior of Eccentric Braced Frames, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley.
[9] Ricles J.M, Popov E.P. (1987). Dynamic analysis of Seismically Resistant Eccentrically Braced Frames, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley.
[10] Hjelmstad K.D, Popov E.P. (1983). Cyclic Behavior and Design of Link Beams. Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE, 109 (10): p. 2387-2403.
[11] SEAOC, (2005), Seismic Design Factors and Coefficients in Seismic-Force Resisting Systems", Seismology & Structural Standards Committee, Sacramento, CA.
[12] FEMA, (2001(, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.
[13] FEMA, (2001), FEMA 369, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC.
[14] ATC-17-1. (1993). Proceeding of seminar on seismic isolation, passive energy dissipation, and active control. Redwood City, California: Applied Technology Council.
[15] AISC. (2002). Seismic provisions for structural steel buildings, Chicago (IL): American Institute of Steel Construction.
[16] Rai, D.C. and B.J. Wallace. (1998). Aluminium shear-links for enhanced seismic resistance. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 27(4): 315-342.
[17] Rai, D. C. and Wallace, W. J. (1998). Aluminium shear-links for enhanced seismic resistance, J. Earthquake Engrg. Struct. Dyn., 27, 315-342.
[18] Harries, K.A., D. Mitchell, W.D. Cook, R.G. Redwood. (1993). Seismic Response of Steel Beams Coupling Concrete Walls. Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE. 119(12): p. 3611-3629.
[19] Bouwkamp J, Vetr MG, Ghamari A. (2016). An analytical model for inelastic cyclic response of eccentrically braced frame with vertical shear link (V-EBF), Case Studies in Structural Engineering 6, 31-44.
[20] Vetr MG, Ghamari A, Bouwkamp J. (2017). Investigating the nonlinear behavior of Eccentrically Braced Frame with vertical shear links (V-EBF), Journal of Building Engineering, 10, 47-59.
 [21] Vetr MG, Ghamari A, (2019), Experimentally and analytically study on eccentrically braced frame with vertical shear links, The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, e1587.
[22] Ghobarah A. H.A. Elfath. (2001). Rehabilitation of a reinforced concrete frame using eccentric steel bracing. Engineering Structures, 2001. 23(7): p. 745-755.
[23] Ramadan T, Ghobarah A. (1995). Analytical Model for Shear-Link Behavior. Journal of Structural Engineering-ASCE, 121(11): p. 1574-1580.
[24] Popov E.P, Engelhardt M. (1988). Seismic eccentrically braced frames, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 10, 321-354.
[25] Broujerdian V, Shayanfar M.A, Ghamari A. (2017), Corner Crack Effect on the Seismic Behavior of Steel Plate Shear Wall System”, Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal, 50 (2): 311–332. DOI: 10.7508/ceij.2017.02.007
[26] Shayanfar M.A, Broujerdian V, Ghamari A. (2019). Numerically and Parametrically Investigating the Cracked Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSWs), Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-019-00250-6.
 [27] National Iranian Code-Chapter ten: Design of steel structures, 4th edition (2016), Office of National Building Regulations, Ministry of Roads, Housing and Urban Development, Tehran, Iran, (In Persian).
[28] ANSI/AISC 360-16, (2016) Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, American Institute of Steel Conceal.
 [29] Issue No. 360: Rehabilitation of existing buildings, first edition, (2015), Iran-Management and Planning Organization, Tehran, Iran, (In Persian).
[30] FEMA-356 (2016) Pre-standard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC